Library
Journal article library
The studies behind our case, and a reading list for students. We checked every DOI against the Crossref registry. Each entry links to the article and to a search for a free copy.
- Bangera, Brownell. CBE Life Sciences Education, 2014.
Finding a lab runs on unwritten rules and free time. Students who work to pay for college often cannot volunteer.
- Von der Mehden, Pennino, Fajardo, Ishikawa et al.. CBE Life Sciences Education, 2023.
Notes that research positions are often unpaid and need hours outside class, which shuts out students with jobs.
- Malcom, Dowd. The Review of Higher Education, 2012.
Undergraduate debt lowers the chance that a STEM graduate enrolls in graduate school.
- Estrada, Burnett, Campbell, Campbell et al.. CBE Life Sciences Education, 2016.
A national working group's recommendations for keeping underrepresented students in STEM.
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. National Academies Press, 2017.
Consensus report on what is known about undergraduate research and where the evidence is thin.
- Haeger, Bueno, Sedlacek. CBE Life Sciences Education, 2024.
Six public universities. Undergraduate researchers graduated at higher rates, and graduation gaps for low-income and first-generation students shrank or closed.
- Hernandez, Woodcock, Estrada, Schultz. BioScience, 2018.
Ten-year matched study. Ten or more hours a week of mentored research for two or more terms predicted finishing a science degree and staying in science.
- Eagan, Hurtado, Chang, Garcia et al.. American Educational Research Journal, 2013.
4,152 aspiring STEM majors. Research participation raised the probability of planning for a STEM graduate degree.
- Haeger, Fresquez. CBE Life Sciences Education, 2016.
Links mentored research to better academic performance at a campus where most students are first-generation.
- Estrada, Hernandez, Schultz. CBE Life Sciences Education, 2018.
Quality mentorship and research experience predict science identity and persistence among underrepresented students.
- Russell, Hancock, McCullough. Science, 2007.
National survey for NSF. Research experience raised confidence, understanding, and interest in a PhD.
- Lopatto. Cell Biology Education, 2004.
41 institutions, 1,135 students. More than 83 percent began or continued plans for postgraduate science education.
- Lopatto. CBE Life Sciences Education, 2007.
Follow-up survey. Gains from undergraduate research hold up, and the experience supports career decisions in science.
- Linn, Palmer, Baranger, Gerard et al.. Science, 2015.
Review of what undergraduate research experiences deliver and how to study them better.
- Carter, Mandell, Maton. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 2009.
Meyerhoff Scholars data. Academic-year research on campus raised the odds of entering a STEM PhD program.
- Thiry, Laursen, Hunter. The Journal of Higher Education, 2011.
Compares research with other out-of-class experiences. Research does the most to build a scientist's skills and identity.
- Hunter, Laursen, Seymour. Science Education, 2006.
Interview study on how research changes the way students think, work, and see themselves.
- Seymour, Hunter, Laursen, DeAntoni. Science Education, 2004.
First findings from a three-year study of what students gain from summer research.
- Bell, Chetty, Jaravel, Petkova et al.. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2018.
Children from top 1 percent families are ten times as likely to become inventors as children from below-median families. Exposure explains much of the gap.
- Chetty, Friedman, Saez, Turner et al.. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2020.
Mobility report cards for every US college. At Ivy-Plus schools, more students come from the top 1 percent than from the bottom half.
- Chetty, Hendren, Kline, Saez. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2014.
Maps upward mobility across US commuting zones and the local factors tied to it.
- Chetty, Grusky, Hell, Hendren et al.. Science, 2017.
The share of children who out-earn their parents fell from about 90 percent for those born in 1940 to about 50 percent for those born in the 1980s.
- Chetty, Deming, Friedman. NBER working paper, 2023.
Admissions at highly selective private colleges favor high-income applicants, and attending one raises the odds of reaching top jobs.
- Jones, Summers. NBER working paper, 2020.
Economy-wide estimate of what innovation spending returns. Benefits come out at many times the cost, even under conservative assumptions.
- Azoulay, Graff Zivin, Li, Sampat. The Review of Economic Studies, 2018.
NIH funding in a research area leads to more private-sector patents in that area.
- Galkina Cleary, Beierlein, Khanuja, McNamee et al.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018.
NIH funding contributed to published research tied to every one of the 210 new drugs the FDA approved from 2010 to 2016.
- Li, Azoulay, Sampat. Science, 2017.
Traces NIH grants to the commercial patents that cite the research they paid for.
- Toole. Research Policy, 2012.
Public basic research raises the number of new drugs the pharmaceutical industry brings to market.
- Bloom, Jones, Van Reenen, Webb. American Economic Review, 2020.
Research productivity is falling, so holding growth steady takes more researchers every year.
- Murphy, Topel. Journal of Political Economy, 2006.
Puts a dollar value on gains in health and longevity. The totals are very large.
- Chetty, Stepner, Abraham, Lin et al.. JAMA, 2016.
1.4 billion tax records. The richest 1 percent of men live 14.6 years longer than the poorest 1 percent. For women the gap is 10.1 years.
- Case, Deaton. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015.
Documents rising midlife mortality among white non-Hispanic Americans after 1998.
- Woolf, Schoomaker. JAMA, 2019.
US life expectancy stopped rising after 2014, driven by deaths in midlife.
- Marmot. The Lancet, 2005.
The case that social conditions drive health gaps within and between countries.
- Braveman, Gottlieb. Public Health Reports, 2014.
Reviews the evidence that income, education, and neighborhood shape health.
- Bailey, Krieger, Agénor, Graves et al.. The Lancet, 2017.
Review of how structural racism produces health inequities in the US and what has been tried.
- Williams, Mohammed. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2008.
Reviews research on discrimination as a cause of racial gaps in health.
- Hoffman, Trawalter, Axt, Oliver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2016.
False beliefs about biological differences between Black and white patients predict worse pain treatment recommendations.
- Obermeyer, Powers, Vogeli, Mullainathan. Science, 2019.
A widely used health algorithm under-identified Black patients for extra care because it used cost as a stand-in for need.
- Finkelstein, Taubman, Wright, Bernstein et al.. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2012.
A Medicaid lottery in Oregon. Coverage raised health care use, cut financial strain, and improved self-reported health in year one.
- Baicker, Taubman, Allen, Bernstein et al.. New England Journal of Medicine, 2013.
Oregon, two years on. Medicaid cut depression and financial hardship, with no significant change in measured blood pressure, cholesterol, or blood sugar.
- Cutler, Lleras-Muney. Journal of Health Economics, 2010.
Why more educated people have healthier behaviors. Income, knowledge, and cognitive skills explain part of it.
- Papanicolas, Woskie, Jha. JAMA, 2018.
The US spends about twice what other rich countries spend on health care, driven mainly by prices.
- Dieleman, Cao, Chapin, Chen et al.. JAMA, 2020.
Where US health spending went from 1996 to 2016, by payer and by condition.
- Conde-Agudelo, Díaz-Rossello. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016.
Cochrane review. Kangaroo mother care lowers deaths among low birthweight infants.
- WHO Immediate KMC Study Group. New England Journal of Medicine, 2021.
Trial across five countries. Starting kangaroo mother care right after birth improved survival.
- Goldenberg, Culhane, Iams, Romero. The Lancet, 2008.
Review of what is known about the causes of preterm birth.
- Jinek, Chylinski, Fonfara, Hauer et al.. Science, 2012.
The paper that showed CRISPR-Cas9 can be programmed to cut DNA at a chosen site.
- Saraiva, Praça, Ferreira, Santos et al.. Journal of Controlled Release, 2016.
Reviews nanoparticle approaches to getting drugs across the blood-brain barrier.
- Orben, Przybylski. Nature Human Behaviour, 2019.
Across large datasets, the link between teen well-being and screen use is negative but very small.
- Borrego. Learned Publishing, 2023.
Reviews two decades of research on publication fees, including who cannot afford them.
- Haustein et al.. arXiv preprint 2407.16551, 2024.
Authors paid six large publishers an estimated $8.3 billion in publication fees over five years. Annual spending nearly tripled.
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